Babette Breuhaus, DVM, PhD, DACVIM

Most valvular diseases of horses are regurgitant, rather than stenotic.

Primary cardiovascular disease is relatively uncommon in horses.

Ultrasound is an extremely useful tool to aid in diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of diseases in equine medicine.

Bacterial endocarditis is fairly uncommon in horses and is primarily thought to be secondary to bacteremia or thrombophlebitis.

Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a term used to describe horses that manifest a cluster of problems, including obesity, regional adiposity, insulin resistance, and susceptibility to laminitis.

The pituitary gland plays an important role in many bodily functions.

Thyroid hormones are important for growth, maturation of organ systems, and regulation of metabolism.