Dennis J. Chew, DVM, DACVIM

The causes of urinary incontinence classically are divided into neurogenic or non-neurogenic categories.

Results of studies over the past 20 years indicate that idiopathic/interstitial cystitis in cats is the result of complex interactions between the bladder, nervous system, adrenal glands, husbandry practices, and the environment in which the cat lives.

How common is hypercalcemia in cats?

Acute renal failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by an abrupt increase of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations to above normal (azotemia).

Urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs when bacteria colonize portions of the urinary tract that are normally sterile (i.e., kidney, ureter, bladder, and proximal urethra).

According to conventional wisdom, UO in cats usually is associated with urethral plugs.

Acute renal failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by an abrupt increase of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations to above normal (azotemia).

Urethral plugs are the most common cause of obstruction in male cats.