MU study shows promise for early detection of OA in dogs

Columbia, Mo.

-- In a study that could have applications in human medicine as well, researchers at the University of Missouri are studying potential biomarkers in dogs that could lead to early diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA), helping identify patients at higher risk for the disease.

Because OA is most often diagnosed in later, irreversible stages, treatment usually is limited to slowing disease progress and decreasing pain. "By developing methods for earlier diagnosis, prevention or even curative treatment strategies ... become more realistic," says James Cook, professor of veterinary medicine and surgery at MU. "Biomarkers could detect the disease before pain and swelling occurs, and owners could take preventive measures, such as modifying the pet's activities or diet, helping them lose weight and strengthening their joints."

The MU research team examined possible biomarkers in joint-lubricating synovial fluid because it is known to respond to joint injury. Samples taken from dogs showed that synovial fluid quality and quantity were altered in injured stifle joints.

"Our team ... is making progress in developing simple tests on blood, urine and synoval fluid that show great promise for helping us diagnose impending OA before it is too late," Cook says.

Some 20 percent of middle-aged dogs and 90 percent of older dogs have OA in one or more joints, and the disease is equally common in humans and horses.

The MU study, titled "Examination of Synovial Fluid Hyaluronan Quantity and Quality in Stifle Joints of Dogs with Osteoarthritis," was published in the American Journal of Veterinary Research. Co-authors are Cook, Rachel Venable, doctoral student; Aaron Stoker, assistant professor; Cristi Cook, clinical assistant professor; and Mary Cockrell, research specialist.