Use subjective and objective data to discuss pain with pet owners

Since your patients can't literally describe to you-nor to their owners-their pain, CVC educator Matthew Brunke, DVM, CCRP, CVPP, CVA, says it's up to you to observe everything you can. In this video he outlines how objective measurements such as muscle mass and goniometry can be used along with everyday considerations of activity to communicate to owners the condition of their pets.