When and how to perform this procedure.
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“A regional or radical mastectomy is generally reserved for those dogs with larger tumors or that have multiple affected glands. If the tumor is fixed to the underlying tissue or skin, it is also important to remove skin and abdominal wall muscle or fascia to obtain an adequate excision.”
-Kim L. Cronin, DVM, DACVIM
From Current recommendations for mammary gland tumors in dogs