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Understanding how the cornea heals offers insights into treatmentThe cornea is a unique portion of the outer fibrous tunic of the eye. Being transparent, it is the main refractive structure of the eye due to the air tissue interface. Even though the cornea is constantly exposed to the environment, it is able to maintain its clarity by continually replacing the surface epithelium and by maintaining a preocular tear film with the aid of both the lacrimal system and the eyelids.
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Rhodococcus equine infection in foals: epidemiology (Proceedings)The epidemiology of R. equi remains ill-defined and continues to evolve. Two epidemiologic questions of clinical importance regarding Rhodococcus equi foal pneumonia are "Why are some foals affected while others in the same environment remain unaffected?", and "Why does the disease occur recurrently at some farms but not at others?". To answer these questions, studies performed at the level of the foal and farm, respectively, are needed.
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Pulmonary contusions and other thoracic trauma (Proceedings)Traumatic thoracic injuries are prevalent in small animals, particularly in dogs. The most common causes of thoracic trauma are motor vehicular accidents and bite wounds. Other possible, although less common mechanisms include gunshot, knife wounds or being kicked by a larger animal (horse/cow). Injuries may range from mild to life threatening.
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Specialty medicine doesn't have to lead to a fight over casesIn the new millennium, everyone can win by joining forces to fight for patients' best interests.
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Practical Matters: Consider underlying problems and referral before changing NSAID therapyMost of the limping dogs that are referred to our practice have received at least one course of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy at some point in their histories.
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Practical Matters: Don't jump to conclusions in ataxic dogsA frantic owner brings in a 4-year-old Scottish terrier that cannot use its back legs after a collapse.
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Practical Matters: Differentiate cocci from imposters in the urineI frequently notice a disparity between referred patients' in-house urinalysis results and laboratory-read urinalysis results.
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An update on the diagnosis of proteinuria in dogsProtein losing nephropathy is a common form of renal disease in dogs. Glomerular causes of renal protein loss include glomerulonephritis and amyloidosis. Glomerular lesions have also been associated with underlying metabolic, infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Post-glomerular causes of renal protein loss such as hemorrhage and inflammation also contribute to urine protein quantification. Traditionally, urine protein loss has been detected either through a qualitative test such as a urine dipstick or via a semi-quantitative test such as a urine protein creatinine ratio. A urine protein creatinine ratio greater than 0.5-1 is considered abnormal. However, both the dipstick method and the
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Hypercalcemia in dogs and cats (Proceedings)There are 3 important fractions of calcium. This includes ionized calcium (45-50% of total calcium), which is the physiologically active fraction and is maintained within a fairly narrow range; protein-bound calcium (50-55% of total calcium) which is typically bound to albumin and is an inactive form of calcium; and complexed calcium, which in the normal patient accounts for less than 1-2% of total calcium, but can elevate the total calcium without affecting ionized calcium in chronic renal failure due to retention of substances such as citrate and oxalate that form calcium complexes.
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Chronic kidney disease in cats (Proceedings)Chronic kidney disease and failure is invariably progressive; however, stable disease and a reasonable quality of life can be obtained for some time in most cats.
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What does it cost to build?It depends how big you build--and on the site fees, appraisals, zoning fees, and interest rate. Here's help with your estimate.
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Management of IMHA disasters (Proceedings)Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a devastating disease in dogs with a reported mortality rate that ranges between 29% and 70% in the veterinary literature.
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Update on managing vomiting in dogs and cats (Proceedings)It is important that the clinician formulate a treatment protocol based on a correlation of clinical course, laboratory and gross findings, and histologic findings rather than relying on histologic changes alone. Although treatment principles for cats and dogs with IBD are similar, drug selection and dosage regimens vary between these two species in some situations.
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Economics of Higher Education: Veterinary schools pressured, tooThe March issue of DVM Newsmagazine highlighted an increasingly critical issue in veterinary education: the escalation of student debt. Discussion around this topic is widespread and is bolstered by fact and emotion. Finding a solution is vital to the future of the veterinary profession, but robust analysis of the situation requires full information from the student, employer and academic perspectives.
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Cytology of lymph nodes (Proceedings)Before considering pathologic cytology of lymph nodes, it is necessary to define normal lymph node cytology. Aspirates from normal lymph nodes contain mixed cell populations in which small lymphocytes are the predominant cell (>80 percent of all cells).
