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Accumulations of excessive fluid in the pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial space represent edema of these body cavities.

Many things can impact litter size in the bitch.

Successful management of the critically ill patient requires anticipation-not reaction.

It is important that the clinician formulate a treatment protocol based on a correlation of clinical course, laboratory and gross findings, and histologic findings rather than relying on histologic changes alone.

In the last ten years, exfoliative cytology has been gaining popularity as a diagnostic aid in veterinary practice.

Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) is an acute, life-threatening condition which requires immediate medical and surgical intervention.

Dysautonomia is a neuropathy of unknown etiology that affects all aspects of the autonomic nervous system.

The circulating white blood cells include the granulocytes, the monocytes, and the lymphocytes.

The gastrointestinal tract acquires and digests food, absorbs nutrients and water, and expels unabsorbed material in the form of feces.

Nodules aspirated through the skin may be non-neoplastic, neoplastic but benign, or neoplastic and malignant.

Inflammatory bowel disease is signified by gastrointestinal signs over 3 weeks duration with incomplete response to dietary trials and anthelminthics, histologic lesions of mucosal inflammation on biopsy and clinical response to immunomodulatory therapies.

The clinical pharmacology of emesis and anti-emetics is dictated by the neurochemistry of the vomiting (emetic) center as well as the various afferent (input) and efferent (outflow) pathways involved in the act of emesis.

Renal insufficiency/failure is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in older cats.

Beginning with Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin there has been an ever escalating arms race between microbes and the doctors that treat life-threatening infection.

Immunocontraception is the use of the body's own immune response to decrease fertility while permitting normal sexual behavior.

What is a cat? What characteristics are different for this species than we are or dogs are?

The term chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) is preferable to chronic renal failure (CRF), permitting us to view the condition as a progressive one, rather than imminently terminal and encourage our clients to treat their companions.

The Association of Human Animal Bond Veterinarians defines the human animal bond as the relationship between people, animals, and their environment.

Urolithiasis is the most widespread and economically important urinary disease of ruminant species.

There are a number of classes of antifungal drugs.

Thromboembolic agents are indicated for a variety of conditions, ranging from disseminated intravascular coagulation to pulmonary thromboembolism in both dogs and cats.

Several disease syndromes in cattle have been shown to be selenuim-responsive.

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) is the salicylate ester of acetic acid and is a weak acid derived from phenol.

Blastomycosis affects dogs, cats, horses, sea lions, lions, rhesus monkeys and polar bears. Dogs are the species most often infected.

The number of gram negative bacteria proven or implicated to cause pinkeye (IBK) in cattle has expanded over the years.